Increasing trust in system modelling and simulation is essential for enabling Digital Twin enriched system development, production, and operation. The ITEA3 UPSIM project aimed for system simulation credibility via introducing a formal simulation quality management approach, encompassing collaboration and continuous integration for complex systems.

Autonomous subways already exist in many cities today, but they operate in relatively closed and controlled environments. To enable regional trains to run autonomously too, the safe.trAIn project was researching the foundations for the safe use of artificial intelligence in driverless rail vehicles.